The hidden costs of environmental contamination.
نویسنده
چکیده
C ost is an inevitable, but often overlooked and uncounted, consequence of environmental contamination. Any degradation of the environment, whether it is contamination of air or water, pollution of landfills by toxic waste or exposure of children to hazardous chemicals, carries costs. Among these costs are: 1) direct medical expenses for persons made ill by toxic exposures; 2) indirect health-related costs such as time lost from school or work, costs of rehabilitation and costs of special education; 3) diminished economic productivity in persons whose brains, lungs or other organ systems are permanently damaged by toxic exposures; 4) loss of irreplaceable environmental treasures such as the Everglades or the Black Forest; and 5) the costs of environmental clean-up.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The European respiratory journal
دوره 40 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012